How lifestyle and environment reshape the sperm epigenome and why it matters for fertility, embryos and child health

A review in Clinical Epigenetics synthesizes growing evidence that paternal lifestyle and environmental exposures such as diet, obesity, smoking, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and stress alter sperm epigenetic marks (DNA methylation, histone retention, and small non-coding RNAs). These changes can influence sperm quality and fertilizing ability, early embryo development, assisted reproduction outcomes, and long-term health risks in offspring.

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